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The Colonial Mental power on the Leadership in Africa


The West selectively uses human rights 'concerns' against countries that oppose its imperialism, while neglecting human rights in countries that are under their neo-colonialism.


The Colonial Mental power on the Leadership in Africa

By: Berhane Woldu

Spain, England, Dutch, French, Portuguese, Germans, European were all governed by Kings who professed the nations. The lords provided the Kings with army men in return they were given lands where peasants worked for 1/3 of the harvest some even for less. The Crown King Charles I of England awarded Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore ten million acres of land Lord Baltimore divided the land into plots to be run by Lords. The lords recruited tenants; in turn the tenants worked the lands and paid rents to the privileged elite who owned the land. As Crown King Charles I awarded Lord Baltimore ten million acres of land. “The All Mighty” awarded African Kings and Chiefs the land of the Continent for their personal use to do as they wish.

Africa, Asia and Europe had the same governance whereby power and wealth was concentrated in the hands of the Kings. Why then is Sub-Sahara Africa poorer than the rest of the world today?

According to Historians “The Peripheral of the Red Sea” 70 AD and “The Christian Topographic” 525 AD Adulait Kingdom in modern day Eritrea was an old state that was frequented by Asian sailors who traded with Adulis Empire. The Adulis Empire was a vibrant trading center with a highly centralized polity who had a well sized population actively engaged in commerce and entrepreneurship. Adulis Empire extended its trade as far as India. The Aksum kingdom which came years after Adulait Kingdom located in modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea with peripheral across the Red Sea in present day Saudi and Yemen was founded in 400 BC. Aksum kingdom was a developed state that was engaged in international trade with Greece, Arabia, India and as far as the Roman Empire. Many more kingdoms were known to Africa, Asante Empire Modern day Ghana, Sudan Empire, the Oyo Kingdom in to-days Nigeria, Egypt, Kongo Kingdom, Mali Empire and Xhosa in South Africa ended due to Slave trade introduced by Europeans’.

Kingdom of Kongo known as Democratic Republic of Congo was a sizable kingdom with its capital, Mbanza. The king of Kongo, Nzinga encountered the Portuguese around 1483 was converted to Catholicism changed his name to Sao Salvador. Kongolese were introduced to the western innovation the GUN. They used these guns to capture and export slaves. The warfare and conflict caused loss of life and put in motion new institutional development in Africa. The slave trade destroyed the old peaceful systems replacing it with more absolutist institution that was instrumental to sell slaves to European slavers “The New Economy”. The king did have no incentives to plow the land any longer capturing and selling slaves for export was much more profitable. The population had no reason to farm they were captured and sold as slaves. In the 1400 there was a vibrant slave trade in East Africa, and a large number of slaves were transported to the Arabian Peninsula. In the sixteenth century 300,000 slaves were traded in the Atlantic from Central Africa Kingdom of Kongo and Portuguese were the benefactors. By 1700 slave trade escalated due to the development of the plantation in the Americans and Caribbean European colonies.  According to n. Numm “the effect of Slave Trade” 2008; and J. Diamond, “Guns, Germs and Steel” 1997 clearly talks some of Africa’s desolation, anguish and despair. Seventeenth century 1,350,000 Africans were sold as slaves in the Atlantic trade shipped to the Americas. In eighteenth century 6,000,000 slaves were shipped across the Atlantic. More than 10,000,000 Africans were shipped out of Africa as slaves. Many more Africans were lost in the continual internal warfare that was waged to capture slaves.

Hence it’s these long historical facts that have undermined human and property rights in Africa. The substantial profits from slave trade led not only to its escalation it also was the main reason for the distraction of institutions, problem for development, meaning moving people and resources from traditional sector agriculture, villages and state centralization was totally destroyed and many of the African states collapsed.

Even though the slave trade ended in 1807 European colonialism came to do more harm to the economic modernization and stopped all the possibility of indigenous governance. There were mass disruption and large scale murder; there was no chance for Africa to secure good governance. East, West and Central Africa were a total loss. It turned into a gathering of small poor polite, with no economic institution and ruled by local feeble chiefs.  Southern and Northern Africa was spared from the adverse effects of the slave trade and internal warfare.     South Africa was first invaded in 1652 by the Dutch. The indigenous population Ciskei and Transkei known as Xhosa lived in the interior. The British colonized the cost and Cape Town and the Dutch descent the Afrikaners or Boers migrated to the interior of Africa and formed their own states Orange Free State and the Transvaal. Discovery of vast amount of diamond in 1867 and rich gold mines in 1886 and mineral wealth in the interior forced the British to extend their colony. The British found the Union of South Africa in 1910. The expansion of European settlement and the introduction of the mining industry demanded more food and agricultural product. These new economy opened opportunities for the habitants Xhosa. In 1832 the indigenous population Ciskei and Transkei known as Xhosa started to work and buy spades, ploughs, wagons and land. They become land owners and houses were erected. Agricultural economy developed tribal institutions gave way eighty thousand native farmers purchased lands in the Transkei district. This development came to an abrupt halt. The Natives Land Act of 1913 awarded 87% of the land to the white minority bestowed the economic and political power to the 20% white minority for enslavement of the black majority. The act of 1913 institutionalized the formation of the South African Apartheid regime that lasted until 1994.    

Independence did not bring remedy, the structure of the colonial rule left Africa with more governance problems than prior to colonialism. Independence brought about leaders that were unscrupulous who intensified the manipulating of markets extracting the national wealth that European colonialist presided over. African leaders after independence leaders like King     Haile-Selassie of Ethiopia impoverished their citizens. The Communist regime in Ethiopia that toppled the King was known for massacring thousands of Ethiopians, running the economy to the ground. Mobutu of Zaire and the elite known as “Les Grosses Legumes” became very wealthy by robbing the country’s wealth. Mobutu had castles in Europe and owned large property in Belgium capital Brussels palaces and large airports in his native village that used to land rented Air France airplane. Mobutu could have built a better country for his people. Kabila who overthrow Mobutu promising change good governance was more corrupt and killed more of his citizens. In Kenya the leaders of freedom fighters like Kenyatta who took over as the first president’s his family and associate own 90% of the fertile lands and dominate the political and economic power of Kenya.

The minority regime in Ethiopia “Weyane” has not fared better even when compared to its predecessors, The Weyane’s have introduced “land grab.” Many multinational companies and foreign private speculators have leased millions of acres of the country’s most fertile territory from the government at bargain basement price. This has engendered numerous human rights violations, much dissatisfaction, and growing resistance by indigenous communities’ poverty and drastic inequalities remain prevalent. Around 90 percent of the population suffers from numerous deprivations, ranging from insufficient access to education to inadequate health care; and more than 30 million people still face chronic food shortages. These leaders are not willing to introduce Economic institutions that create incentives for economic progress that redistribute income and power rather have made sure that the few elite in power and their family enrich themselves.

Today in most of African countries political power is concentrated in the hands of a few elite who have little if any incentives to secure economic progress for the people; enhance social justice to improve quality of life or encourage economic progress to the majority. Instead the elite’s in power desires are to extort National Wealth and sustain their power to enrich themselves and the very few associates. The post-independence governments of Africa have collaborated with their colonial masters by providing favorable terms to oil and mining industry, exempting foreign companies from capital gain taxes to enrich themselves while the great majority of their people live in dreadful, ominous, calamitous poverty. They enable and strengthen the abuses of the colonialist. They concoct their political power, consolidated the economic incentives and hindered the economic progress. Africa will suffer as long as these strong men of Africa are in leadership.

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The Colonial Mental power on the Leadership in Africa Reviewed by Admin on 11:52 PM Rating: 5

17 comments:

  1. Eritrea is the most developed and rich country in Africa, and you Brhane Woldu the slave of Italians will save Africa and you will give us spaghetti, and all of us we shall say thanks Signor Brhane for your spaghetti.
    Brhane woldu, go and clean the house of your master Italians and clean their kitchen, that is what you are able, if you get small education you have to say thanks to the emperor Haile Selassie and you can write your name and sure name.
    You Have short memory, you forget that your father and your grand father was Italian Asker fighting against Ethiopians and Libyans and they have been defeat including their masters. Is Eritrean not slave of the same people today. we have hopeless people like you they are writing such letters to insult Africans. what do you think we do if we have Africans like you, they think they learned and they became stupide than to improve to understand .
    please Brhane Woldu , if you can read and read about Africa and try to find solution not to insult us.
    Do you think you have done something good in your life except insulting yourselves and your grand fathers. Have you read how many Eritreans dead in Tripoli to serve the Italians , and in Ethiopia to colonies it , how do you dear you a son of Italian slave to insult poor people of Africa who defend their dignity.
    Brhane woldu , I don't know where you are but still you are slave, and you are most ignorant about yourselves.
    Only stupid like you can write in September.com

    ReplyDelete
  2. forget Africa, tell as what is z problem of Eritrea people want go to thier colonial master? instead of working in thier country?

    ReplyDelete
  3. humum eka niska mhret yewridelka

    ReplyDelete
  4. Excellent analysis. You are great. Keep up the good work of increasing our awareness, the awareness of Africans. There will be a day when Africa will be free and get true leaders who treat their people. Thank you.

    ReplyDelete
  5. Did u mean Africa is free after we gat a leader like Esayas?

    ReplyDelete
  6. No, Africa is free after Ethiopia gut a leader like HM of woyaneland who sell his country to Indians and Chinese :)

    ReplyDelete
  7. Hey hey hey, you must be a real idiot. Esayas is our leader not your leader.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Africa is always lured to the western trap and the thing is they never learned. Instead of being a self reliant they wage a war to the self-reliant countries. this is the Mindset of People with Mental Slavery!..... Africa we have the minerals deposits such as petroleum , gold, copper, zinc, cement, diamond ,platinum, uranium the list go on and on.... and yet Africa lives with the western Aid. We supposed to own them not the other way. NOW Eritrea is at war with this westerners and their puppets mentally slaves. B/c Eritrea said am going to be a self-reliant country and be the driver of my future. THAT is why they trashed Eritrea at their media, B/c we said ENOUGH!!! Africa remember, you have the power to shape your future as you wish. WEAK UP!!!

    ReplyDelete
  9. tweeter from "Proud Eritrea @Simon20mYa"

    If more than $60 billion left Africa annually,& we get back about $40B,Then who is the donor & recipient ?
    #Africa or WESTERN? #Eritrea
    The poor African people are feeding the rich western countries without any doubt.
    I think it is time for all African countries to be united to end up neo-colonization in Africa for the sake of the victimized African people.

    ReplyDelete
  10. a classic case of "Uncle Sam" and "Uncle Tom".

    ReplyDelete
  11. I have never seen or heard a bright agame, obviously you are one of them,
    How is your pm Haile iQ . This is a man who is least respected, even by his own alma matter,they sent him a letter of rejection
    That's most embarrassing for a leader of a country to be told not to come, that they have nothing to do with him.
    He is also a laughing stock by his own people.
    BTW go cover your mouth .flies are going in by hundreds.

    ReplyDelete
  12. If you want predict PM Haile IQ, he have civil engineering dgree from AAU, master by engineering from Finland and master by organizational and public management from America university.
    where you get the rejection letter? can you send your source or you are going to tell me like your Eri Tv minchitatina kem zihaberwo?
    any way did you mean pm Haile must like Esayas in order to respect from Eritreans?

    ReplyDelete
  13. to correct you we never sell a land but we lease a land to any one can invest for our people benefit. Can you tell me why your hero Esayas give Gold mining to Canada company? which one more hurt to one nation leasing agricultural land or sale gold mining land?

    ReplyDelete
  14. Bloodthirsty eri-TeghadalitAugust 26, 2014 at 6:02 AM

    And is your

    SELF-ELECTED

    SELF-ERECTED

    SELF-DIRECTED

    Isaias AfewerKi not a self-made king,

    u worthless mouthpiece for a QomaTa Tigrawai?

    ReplyDelete
  15. Bloodthirsty eri-TeghadalitAugust 26, 2014 at 6:12 AM

    Good points but to help u along:-


    does Eritrea have the right to FREE PRESS w/which she can



    force our unreliable poliitcians to become more accountable to



    the people?


    Where are the audit sheets which show me how revenues from



    minerals and mining are being used?


    What are the salaries of our politicians? Are we allowed to ask?


    Who owns/owned SEGEN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY?


    What are their revenues? What is their expenditure?



    Why are the AFAR seceding? etc...



    What is IA's background? Why? :-)

    ReplyDelete
  16. EXACTLY Zeragi hawey! Exactly!


    Ppl like @stesfamariam are fond of writing "Eritrea Is Not 4 Sale"


    and "beware neo-colonialism blabla bla"


    while the lump sum of our revenues goes to Nevsun, Andiamo,


    Sunridge and Co.


    Are Tesfamariam and GOE not the very ppl who are selling out


    on Eritrea while they muffle our voices and break the will


    of the people with their obfuscations, false accusations and what


    not? Just the other day Ms Tesfamariam referred to diaspora


    Eritreans


    in the opposition as 'carpetbaggers', what is this BS?


    And how long are we open-endedly going to let DIA waylay our


    dream for a democratic Eritrea?


    Enough BS already! Tell the thief from dedebit


    that we're going to Gaddafi him!

    ReplyDelete

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